The Zarma use auxiliaries to indicate tense, aspect and/or mood.
The absence of an auxiliary usually indicates the positive of the comleted action in the indicative mood. However, also the impartive mood may be expressed without auxiliary.
auxiliary
mood / tense / aspect
ga
positive of the repeated or habitual action, future; indicative mood, positive aspect of uncompleted action
ga ba ga
positive of the action about to take place; indicative mood, positive aspect of uncompleted action
go / go no
positive of the immediate present 'kaa' (to come) and 'koy' (to go); indicative mood, positive aspect of uncompleted action
go ga
positive of the progressive or continuous present (contains the idea of having just begun the action); indicative mood, positive aspect of uncompleted action
go no ga
positive of the progressive or continuous present (expresses the idea of being in the act or process of doing the action); indicative mood, positive aspect of uncompleted action
ma
(1) subjunctive mood
(2)
imparitive mood (singular, addressing to someone respectable because of rank, social position or age)
(3) narrative mood
mana
negative of the paste tense; indicative mood, negative aspect of completed action
manti
used in negative answers or exclamations when the verb is omitted (can be past if the context indicates)
na
positive of the past tense; indicative mood, positive aspect of completed action
si
negative of the present and future tense (for present it must be actual present action, not a present state dependent on past action that requires a past negative); indicative mood, negative aspect of uncompleted action
si ba ga
negative of the action about to take place; indicative mood, negative aspect of uncompleted action
si ga
negative of the progressive or continuous present (contains the idea of having just begun the action); indicative mood, negative aspect of uncompleted action
si no ga
negative of the progressive or continuous present (expresses the idea of being in the act or process of doing the action); indicative mood, negative aspect of uncompleted action
wa
imperative mood (plural)
ya
used in combination with 'no' (form of verb 'to be'), for example to tell your origin or nationality, the place where you come from, or your occupation