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Lessons available

Choose a lesson from the table to view the grammar topics discussed.

Lesson 1

• Personal pronouns
• The definite article
• Definite plural of nouns
• The indefinite article
• The verb-completed action (past tense)
• Simple questions

Lesson 2

• Direct object, introduction
• The particle 'na' to indicate a direct object in past tense
• Direct object, exceptions of sentence order
• The verbs come and go
• The conjunction 'nda'
• Review of sentence order learned at this point

Lesson 3

• Cardinal numbers 1 - 10
• The verb-uncompleted aspect (future tense)
• The indefinite pronoun
• The word 'ey' as a direct object
• Sentence order (continued)

Lesson 4

• Possessions
• Preposition
• The verb 'to be',
• past and present
• Sentence order (continued)

Lesson 5

• Masculine and feminine
• The qualifying and numerical adjective
• The verb-uncompleted aspect (present tense)
• Compound nouns showing origin
• Uses of 'mo'

Lesson 6

• Use of some verbs in combination with prepositions
• The indirect object
• The passive voice
• The cardinal numbers above 10 (11-20)
• The use of 'ya ... no' (form of verb to be)

Lesson 7

• The demonstrative pronoun and adjectives
• The demonstrative suffix 'din'
• Contractions of demonstrative adjective 'wo'
• The relative pronoun in combinations Gerunds (verbal nouns)
• Combination 'han kaŋ ga'
• Close family relationships
• The conjunction 'kaŋ' and 'nda' for 'when'

Lesson 8

• Past negative of verbs
• Present and future negative of verbs
• Negative of the verb 'to be'
• Use of 'yes' and 'no'
• The conjunction-prepositon 'ba'
• 'Abada' and 'koyne'
• Emphatic pronouns
• Money to 100 Francs

Lesson 9

• Interrogative
• Use of 'ga ti' (form of verb to be)
• Use of 'hay kulu' and 'hay fo'
• Indirect discourse

Lesson 10

• Subjunctive
  • to express a desire
  • to admonish against something
  • to consent, to forbid, etc.
  • impersonal verbs
  • conjunctions 'hala' or 'zama' to express 'so that'
  • asking to do or to don't
• Verb forms in conditional sentences

Lesson 11

• Practical idiomatic winks; use of 'ba', 'cindi' and 'gay'
• The verb 'to have' (review)
• The imperative mood
  • Introduction
  • Positive imperative mood
  • Negative imperative mood
• Variations in personal pronouns 'ay' and 'ni'
  • General
  • Appositives
  • Compound sentences
  • Special cases of changes of 'ni' to 'nin'
• Nouns formed with the suffix "koy", 'kom' and 'kooni'
• Nouns formed by adding the suffix 'ko' to verbs

Lesson 12

• Practical idiomatic winks: use of 'kan' and 'nda'
• The cardinal numbers to thousand
• The suffix 'yan' on nouns
• Uses of 'hala' and 'kala'
• Uses of 'kulu'

Lesson 13

• Practical idiomatic winks
  • Use of 'dama'
  • Additional meanings of 'te'
  • Use and spelling of 'don' en 'beytu'
• The prefix 'i' on adjectives
• Reciprocal pronouns
• Idiomatic expressions for weather and climate

Lesson 15

• Practical idiomatic winks
  • Use of 'ye ga' with another verb
  • Use of 'ba'
• Imperfect and past progressive tenses
• Verb-link conjunction for compound verbs and infinitives
• Common expression and exclamations

Lesson 16

Practical idiomatic winks

• use of 'koyne'
• use of 'jina'
• use of 'ba', 'ha' and 'ga'
• use of 'hala'
• use of 'du'
• use of 'za watifo'
• use of 'te'
• use of 'yadin'

Word with Ŋ or ŋ
Type first a &, then a #, and then the number 330 or 331 on the place of the letter concerned,
e.g.: &+#+330+wari = Ŋwari.

Word with Ɲ or ɲ
Type first a &, then a #, and then the number 413 or 626 on the place of the letter concerned,
e.g.: &+#+626+umay = ɲumay.